سلسلة العبقريات .. أروع ما كتب عملاق الفكر العربي العقاد

الحضارة العربية و الإسلامية هي حضارة كتب ومكتبات كان لها أكبر الأثر في تقدم وازدهار الحضارة الانسانية في العصر الحديث ، ومن المعلوم ان الإسلام يحض على العلم ويعتبره فريضة على كل مسلم، وقد ابتدأ القرآن الكريم نزوله بالآيات “اقرأ باسم ربك الذي خلق، خلق الإنسان من علق، اقرأ وربك الأكرم الذي علم بالقلم علم الإنسان ما لم يعلم” وكانت الآية القرآنية “ن والقلم وما يسطرون” وقوله تعالى: “إنما يخشى الله من عباده العلماء” وقوله أيضاً : “يرفع الله الذين آمنوا منكم والذين أوتوا العلم درجات”. وقد أحب المسلمون الكتب حباً ملك عليهم مشاعرهم وذكر ول ديورانت في كتابه (قصة الحضارة) “ لم يبلغ حب الكتب في بلد آخر من العالم إلا في بلاد الصين في عهد منج هوانج ما بلغه في بلاد الإسلام في القرون الثامن والتاسع والعاشر والحادي عشر».

ومن المتفق عليه انه بدأت الحركة العلمية الاسلامية في القرن الأول الهجري، بجمع القرآن الكريم ونسخه، وجمع الحديث الشريف وتدوينه، والترجمة إلى العربية عن اليونانية والفارسية والهندية وغيرها من اللغات، والدراسات الفقهية، والأشعار والأنساب، وتسجيل السيرة النبوية والمغازي، وظهرت المكتبات الخاصة، وتطورت المكتبات ونضجت وازدهرت في القرن الثاني الهجري (الثامن الميلادي) وبلغت ذروتها في القرن الرابع. وشهد القرن الثاني الهجري تطوير أو اختراع الورق الذي نقل الحركة العلمية نقلة مهمة وبعيدة فازدهرت صناعة النشر (الوراقة). وبنيت في عهد الخليفة العباسي هارون الرشيد مكتبة بيت الحكمة التي كانت مركزاً مهماً لترجمة الكتب التي جمعها المسلمون من خزائن الكتب في مختلف أرجاء العالم وكان المأمون يرسل العلماء المتخصصين للبحث عن الكتب وجمعها من مصادرها ، وعرفت أيضاً مكتبات المساجد والمكتبات الخاصة والمكتبات العلمية والبحثية ومكتبات الخلافة ومكتبات المشافي.

وكان المسجد مركزاً للعلم والدراسة إضافة إلى العبادة وذلك حتى زمن قريب ومازال بعضها كذلك حتى الآن في أنحاء كثيرة من العالم الإسلامي وأماكن تجمع المسلمين، واشتهرت مساجد كثيرة باعتبارها مراكز للعلم والفقه والبحث كالمسجد الحرام في مكة المكرمة والمسجد النبوي في المدينة المنورة والمسجد الأقصى في القدس، والمسجد الأموي في دمشق، والجامع الأزهر في القاهرة، ومسجد الزيتونة في تونس، ومسجد قرطبة، وجامع المنصور في بغداد.

لذلك فانه على الرغم من تفوق الحضارة الغربية في الوقت الحالي، إلا أن البدايات كانت عربية في العديد من المجالات، حيث أثرى العلماء العرب والمسلمون العلم في تخصصات مختلفة، بالإضافة إلى الأدب العربي الذي ألهم الكثير من الكتاب الغربيين، ونواحي أخرى متعددة .

وللاسف الشديد اذا سـألت أحدهم : من هم العلماء الأكثر تأثيراً في التاريخ ؟ .. تكــون الإجـابـة : اينشتاين , داروين , غاليليو, نيوتن .. وغيــرهم .. وهي إجـابة صحيحــة بلاشــك ، لما قدمه هؤلاء من علوم واختراعات وأفكــار ، كانت هي السبب الرئيسي فى تقدم الانســانية ..لكن ، هل فعــلا كانوا هم الروّاد الأوائل فى تقدم البشــرية ، ولم يسبقهم علمــاء آخرون مهّدوا لهم العلوم والمعارف التى جعلتهم يبتكـرون مايبتكــرون ؟ بالطبع سبقهم علماء اخرون أبدعوا وألفوا ووضعوا بدايات قواعد ونظريات وأسس العلوم الانسانية والعلمية.

وتقدم «الوسط» خلال شهر رمضان سلسلة من الحلقات بعنوان «كاتب وكتاب» وهي نماذج وأمثلة لمؤلفات عربية تركت علامة في الحضارة الانسانية في الشرق والغرب بطريقة او بأخرى ، فمن المؤكد ان التقدم الهائل الذي وصلت إليه البشرية اليوم ، لم يظهر بين يوم وليلة.. إنما جاء من تراكم هائل للخبرات والمعلومات والرؤى والنظريات والأبحاث ،التى توارثتها الأجيال جيلاً بعد جيل .. وقرناً بعد قرن .. و ارتكزت عليها الحضارة الإنسانية ، وقامت بالبناء عليها والتطوير فيها ،حتى وصلنا إلى ما وصلنا إليه الآن..

وجولتنا اليومية بين أوراق الكتب التراثية والحديثة وما نعرضه منها على حلقات خلال شهر رمضان المبارك ، هي دعوة للاجيال الحالية للبحث والتنقيب في تراث الأجداد من العلماء والاُدباء والمفكرين العرب والمسلمين الذين علموا العالم بمؤلفاتهم وحبهم للعلم وأفنوا حياتهم في خدمة الانسانية جمعاء حتى بلغت الحضارة الإسلامية درجة عالية من الرقي بجهود العلماء المسلمين والخلفاء الذين شجعوا هؤلاء العلماء، فازدهرت الحياة العلمية في شتى نواحي المعرفة، وكان لمؤلفات العلماء المسلمين دور كبير في نهضة البشرية وتقدمها التكنولوجي الذي يعيشه العالم الآن ، وفي تلك الحلقات نلقي الضوء حول بعض مؤلفات العلماء العرب والمسلمين العظمـاء الذين كانوا يعيشــون في العصــور الوسطى ، فى مسـاحة جغــرافيــة هائلة ، امتدت من الاندلس غربـاً إلى تخــوم الصيــن وروسيـا شرقا ...فهل يُمكن ان نـعيــد انتـاجهم بيننــا من جديــد فى هذا العصــر الذي نعيشه الآن لنصنع نهضتنا العربية والإسلامية من جديد ؟

سلسلة &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5170;&O5240;&O5198;&O5267;&O5166;&O5173; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5266; &O5155;&O5247;&O5236;&O5260;&O5166; عملاق الأدب والفكر العربي عباس محمود &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193; يمكن اعتبارها &O5251;&O4809;&O5261;&O5227;ً&O5166; &O5207;&O5166;&O5251;&O5276;ً &O5267;&O5198;&O5211;&O5194; &O5243;&O5166;&O5235;&O5172; &O5183;&O5262;&O5165;&O5255;&O5168; &O5165;&O5247;&O5256;&O5170;&O5262;&O5229; &O5165;&O5273;&O5255;&O5204;&O5166;&O5255;&O5266;، &O5261;&O5267;&O5204;&O5248;&O5218; &O5165;&O5247;&O5216;&O5262;&O5152; &O5227;&O5248;&O5264; &O5243;&O5236;&O5166;&O5187;&O5260;&O5250; &O5261;&O5175;&O5188;د&O5267;&O5260;&O5250; &O5247;&O5224;&O5198;&O5261;&O5233; &O5169;&O5268;&O5164;&O5166;&O5175;&O5260;&O5250; &O5165;&O5247;&O5212;&O5228;&O5170;&O5172;.

نبذة عن سلسلة العبقريات

العبقريات ... سلسلة من المؤلفات قام بتاليفها المفكر عباس محمود العقاد و تضم الخلفاء الراشدين و المسيح . العبقريات ليست سرداً للأحداث التاريخية أو لأحكام الإسلام إنما عبقرية النبي محمد و أبو بكر الصديق و عمر بن الخطاب و عثمان بن عفان و علي بن أبي طالب هي إظهار للعبقرية العربية التي أنجبت هذه الشخصيات و أن العبقرية ليست حكراً على أمة من الامم . كما يعارض الكاتب من يخطٌؤون أحد هؤلاء الصحابة حيث يقول أنهم كلهم عباقرة و لكن احتاجت لهم الأمة الإسلامية في ظرف معين من الظروف . كما يتحدث الكتاب عن عبقرية المسيح و يشمل الكتاب دراسة عن المسيحية والمسيح في التاريخ و عن الاناجيل . مع العلم يمكن أن تجد كتاب عبقرية المسيح باسم حياة المسيح و عبقرية عثمان باسم ذو النورين عثمان بن عفان .

&O5227;&O5170;&O5240;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172; &O5251;&O5188;&O5252;&O5194;

&O5165;&O5187;&O5176;&O5236;&O5264; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5166;&O5197;&O5267;&O5190; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5198;&O5169;&O5266; &O5169;&O5166;&O5247;&O5204;&O5268;&O5198;&O5171; &O5165;&O4716;ُ&O5188;&O5252;&O5194;&O5267;&O5172;؛ &O5235;&O5156;&O5235;&O5198;&O5193; &O5247;&O5260;&O5166; &O5165;&O4716;&O5184;&O5248;&O5194;&O5165;&O5173; &O5165;&O5247;&O5220;&O5262;&O5165;&O5245;، &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5266; &O5195;&O5243;&O5198;&O5173; &O5155;&O5187;&O5194;&O5165;&O5177; &O5251;&O5268;&O5276;&O5193; &O5261;&O5255;&O5208;&O5156;&O5171; &O5165;&O5247;&O5256;&O5170;&O5266;؛ &O5261;&O5239;&O5194; &O5155;&O5203;&O5260;&O5170;&O5174; &O4562; &O5175;&O5256;&O5166;&O5261;&O5245; &O5155;&O5187;&O5194;&O5165;&O5177; &O5187;&O5268;&O5166;&O5175;&O5258; &O5251;&O5254; &O5165;&O4716;&O5262;&O5247;&O5194; &O5187;&O5176;&O5264; &O5165;&O5247;&O5262;&O5235;&O5166;&O5171; &O5169;&O5176;&O5236;&O5166;&O5211;&O5268;&O5246; &O5243;&O5180;&O5268;&O5198;&O5171; &O5251;ُ&O5228;&O5200;&O5199;&O5171; &O5169;&O5166;&O5271;&O5203;&O5166;&O5255;&O5268;&O5194; &O5261;&O5251;&O5232;&O5198;&O5239;&O5172; &O4562; &O5175;&O5236;&O5166;&O5211;&O5268;&O5246; &O5165;&O5271;&O5187;&O5194;&O5165;&O5177; &O5261;&O5175;&O5262;&O5165;&O5197;&O5267;&O5192;&O5260;&O5166;؛ &O5261;&O4716;&O5166; &O5261;&O5215;&O5226; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193; &O5259;&O5196;&O5165; &O5165;&O5247;&O5244;&O5176;&O5166;&O5167; &O5247;&O5250; &O5267;&O5244;&O5254; &O5259;&O5194;&O5235;&O5258; &O5227;&O5198;&O5215;ً&O5166; &O5183;&O5194;&O5267;&O5194;ً&O5165; &O5247;&O5248;&O5204;&O5268;&O5198;&O5171; &O5165;&O4716;&O5188;&O5252;&O5194;&O5267;&O5172; &O5169;&O5246; &O5155;&O5197;&O5165;&O5193; &O5159;&O5169;&O5198;&O5165;&O5199; &O5251;&O5276;&O5251;&O5186; &O5227;&O5170;&O5240;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5256;&O5170;&O5266; &O5165;&O5273;&O5255;&O5204;&O5166;&O5253; &O5165;&O5247;&O5196;&O5265; &O5165;&O5211;&O5220;&O5236;&O5166;&O4422; &O5165;&O5247;&O5248;&O5258; &O5169;&O5224;&O5198;&O5261;&O5233; &O5251;ُ&O5192;&O5176;&O5166;&O5197;&O5171; &O5211;َ&O5240;&O4608;&O5248;&O5174; &O5207;&O5192;&O5212;&O5268;&O5176;&O5258;، &O5261;&O5169;&O5240;&O5194;&O5197;&O5165;&O5173; &O5159;&O5255;&O5204;&O5166;&O5255;&O5268;&O5172; &O5235;&O5196;&O4608;&O5171; &O5251;&O5244;&O4608;&O5256;&O5176;&O5258; &O5251;&O5254; &O5165;&O5275;&O5215;&O5220;&O5276;&O5225; &O5169;&O5188;&O5252;&O5246; &O5165;&O5247;&O5198;&O5203;&O5166;&O5247;&O5172;. &O5243;&O5252;&O5166; &O5267;&O5240;&O5194;&O5249; &O5247;&O5256;&O5166; &O5183;&O5262;&O5165;&O5255;&O5168; &O5251;&O5254; &O5187;&O5268;&O5166;&O5171; &O5165;&O5247;&O5194;&O5165;&O5227;&O5266; &O5165;&O5247;&O5198;&O5187;&O5268;&O5250;، &O5165;&O5247;&O5198;&O5235;&O5268;&O5238; &O5169;&O5240;&O5262;&O5251;&O5258;، &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5166;&O5247;&O5250; &O5169;&O5252;&O5166; &O5267;&O5212;&O5248;&O5186; &O5247;&O5260;&O5250;، &O5235;&O5244;&O5166;&O5253; &O5165;&O5247;&O5240;&O5166;&O5163;&O5194; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5204;&O5244;&O5198;&O5265; &O5165;&O5247;&O5256;&O5170;&O5268;&O5246;، &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5204;&O5268;&O5166;&O4764; &O5165;&O4716;&O5188;&O5256;&O4608;&O5242; &O5165;&O5247;&O5196;&O5265; &O5165;&O5203;&O5176;&O5220;&O5166;&O5225; &O5243;&O5196;&O5247;&O5242; &O5155;&O5253; &O5267;&O5194;&O5169;&O5198; &O5155;&O5251;&O5262;&O5197; &O5193;&O5261;&O5247;&O5172; &O5165;&O5273;&O5203;&O5276;&O5249; &O5165;&O5247;&O5262;&O5247;&O5268;&O5194;&O5171; &O5169;&O5252;&O5260;&O5166;&O5197;&O5171;، &O5243;&O5252;&O5166; &O5267;&O5240;&O5176;&O5198;&O5167; &O5251;&O5254; &O5211;&O5236;&O5166;&O5175;&O5258; &O5165;&O5273;&O5255;&O5204;&O5166;&O5255;&O5268;&O5172; &O5235;&O5260;&O5262; &O5165;&O5247;&O5200;&O5261;&O5181; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5220;&O5262;&O5233; &O5261;&O5165;&O5271;&O5167; &O5165;&O5247;&O5188;&O5256;&O5262;&O5253; &O5197;&O5231;&O5250; &O5183;&O5204;&O5166;&O5251;&O5172; &O5165;&O4716;&O5260;&O5252;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5266; &O5247;&O5260;&O5166; &O5155;&O5197;&O5203;&O5246;.

حياة المسيح

العملاق عباس محمود العقاد .. إمتلأت المكتبات بابداعاته الفكرية وقد غزا التاريخ والشعر والأدب والدين والسياسة.. وكما عرفنا عبقرياته محمد وعلى وخالد وعمر .. نراه يمد بنفيس الكلم والفكر عن حياة المسيح عليه السلام. يناقش تاريخ ميلاده وكيف هو في التاريخ والحالة السياسية والاجتماعية في عصر الميلاد وايضا الدينية والفكرية.. ويكتب في الاناجيل ومدى اخلاص التلاميذ له . وفي الختام يخبرنا ماذا لو عاد المسيح ؟ في خضم العقاد ننهل من الثقافة والفكر مع هذا الكتاب .. نقرأ الكلمة القوية ذات الحجة القويمة نتدارس حياة المسيح من الاناجيل والقرآن والتاريخ

&O5227;&O5170;&O5240;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5212;&O5194;&O5267;&O5238;

&O5165;&O5227;&O5176;&O5256;&O5264; &O5165;&O5247;&O5244;&O5180;&O5268;&O5198; &O5251;&O5254; &O5165;&O4716;&O5158;&O5197;&O5191;&O5268;&O5254; &O5169;&O5176;&O5198;&O5183;&O5252;&O5172; &O5203;&O5268;&O5198;&O5171; &O5165;&O5247;&O5212;&O5188;&O5166;&O5169;&O5266; &O5165;&O5247;&O5184;&O5248;&O5268;&O5246; «&O5155;&O5169;&O5262; &O5169;&O5244;&O5198; &O5165;&O5247;&O5212;&O5194;&O5267;&O5238;» &O5235;&O5248;&O5250; &O5267;&O5228;&O5194; &O5259;&O5256;&O5166;&O5241; &O5165;&O5247;&O5244;&O5180;&O5268;&O5198; &O5251;&O5252;&O5166; &O5267;&O5240;&O5166;&O5245; &O5227;&O5256;&O5260;&O5166;، &O5261;&O5239;&O5194; &O5155;&O5193;&O5197;&O5241; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193; &O5259;&O5196;&O5165; &O5165;&O5271;&O5251;&O5198; &O5235;&O5184;&O5166;&O5152; &O5243;&O5176;&O5166;&O5169;&O5258; &O5227;&O5254; &O5165;&O5247;&O5212;&O5194;&O5267;&O5238; &O5251;&O5192;&O5176;&O5248;&O5236;ً&O5166;؛ &O5235;&O5240;&O5194;&O5249; &O5193;&O5197;&O5165;&O5203;&O5172; &O5255;&O5236;&O5204;&O5268;&O5172; &O5175;&O5188;&O5248;&O5268;&O5248;&O5268;&O5172; &O5247;&O5208;&O5192;&O5212;&O5268;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5212;&O5194;&O5267;&O5238; &O5247;&O5268;&O5176;&O5228;&O5198;&O5233; &O5227;&O5248;&O5264; &O5211;&O5236;&O5166;&O5175;&O5258; &O5261;&O5203;&O5252;&O5166;&O5175;&O5258; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5192;&O5212;&O5268;&O5172; &O5261;&O5267;&O5204;&O5176;&O5256;&O5170;&O5218; &O5169;&O5262;&O5165;&O5227;&O5178; &O5203;&O5248;&O5262;&O5243;&O5258;، &O5235;&O5268;&O5204;&O5262;&O5237; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193; &O5165;&O5271;&O5191;&O5170;&O5166;&O5197; &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5188;&O5262;&O5165;&O5193;&O5177; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5166;&O5197;&O5267;&O5192;&O5268;&O5172; &O5275; &O5247;&O5268;&O5228;&O5198;&O5215;&O5260;&O5166; &O5259;&O5266; &O5255;&O5236;&O5204;&O5260;&O5166; &O5169;&O5246; &O5247;&O5268;&O5216;&O5226; &O5267;&O5194;&O4422; &O5227;&O5248;&O5264; &O5251;&O5236;&O5166;&O5175;&O5268;&O5186; &O5207;&O5192;&O5212;&O5268;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5192;&O5248;&O5268;&O5236;&O5172; &O5165;&O5271;&O5261;&O5245; &O5251;&O5254; &O5191;&O5276;&O5245; &O5175;&O5228;&O5166;&O5219;&O5268;&O5258; &O5251;&O5226; &O5165;&O5271;&O5187;&O5194;&O5165;&O5177; &O5261;&O5175;&O5228;&O5166;&O5251;&O5248;&O5258; &O5251;&O5226; &O5165;&O5247;&O5256;&O5166;&O5201;. &O5243;&O5252;&O5166; &O5267;&O5240;&O5176;&O5198;&O5167; &O5251;&O5254; &O5169;&O5268;&O5164;&O5176;&O5258; &O5261;&O5187;&O5268;&O5166;&O5175;&O5258; &O5239;&O5170;&O5246; &O5165;&O5273;&O5203;&O5276;&O5249; &O5261;&O5169;&O5228;&O5194;&O4422; &O5261;&O5223;&O5198;&O5261;&O5233; &O5159;&O5203;&O5276;&O5251;&O5258;، &O5179;&O5250; &O5267;&O5228;&O5240;&O5194; &O5165;&O4716;&O5240;&O5166;&O5197;&O5255;&O5172; &O5169;&O5268;&O5256;&O5258; &O5261;&O5169;&O5268;&O5254; «&O5227;&O5252;&O5198; &O5169;&O5254; &O5165;&O5247;&O5192;&O5220;&O5166;&O5167;» &O5247;&O5268;&O5224;&O5260;&O5198; &O5165;&O5247;&O5236;&O5198;&O5261;&O5239;&O5166;&O5173; &O5169;&O5268;&O5254; &O5207;&O5192;&O5212;&O5268;&O5166;&O5175;&O5260;&O5252;&O5166; &O5261;&O5219;&O5170;&O5166;&O5227;&O5260;&O5252;&O5166;، &O5243;&O5252;&O5166; &O5267;&O5240;&O5194;&O5249; &O5183;&O5262;&O5165;&O5255;&O5168; &O5251;&O5254; &O5159;&O5193;&O5165;&O5197;&O5175;&O5258; &O5247;&O5208;&O5164;&O5262;&O5253; &O5165;&O5247;&O5192;&O5276;&O5235;&O5172; &O4562; &O5165;&O5247;&O5194;&O5261;&O5247;&O5172; &O5165;&O5273;&O5203;&O5276;&O5251;&O5268;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5262;&O5247;&O5268;&O5194;&O5171; &O5261;&O5243;&O5268;&O5234; &O5175;&O4811;&O5233; &O5175;&O5184;&O5166;&O4422; &O5165;&O5271;&O5199;&O5251;&O5166;&O5173; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5266; &O5243;&O5166;&O5193;&O5173; &O5155;&O5253; &O5175;&O5228;&O5212;&O5234; &O5169;&O5260;&O5166;.

&O5227;&O5170;&O5240;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172; &O5227;&O5252;&O5198;

&O5259;&O5196;&O5165; &O5165;&O5247;&O5244;&O5176;&O5166;&O5167; &O5259;&O5262; &O5193;&O5197;&O5165;&O5203;&O5172;ٌ &O5247;&O5184;&O5262;&O5165;&O5255;&O5168; &O5207;&O5192;&O5212;&O5268;&O5172; &O5227;ُ&O5252;&O5198; بن الخطاب &O5261;&O5219;ِ&O5170;&O5166;&O5227;&O5258; &O5165;&O5247;&O5256;&O5236;&O5204;&O5268;&O5172; &O5261;&O5175;&O5228;&O5198;&O5233;ٌ &O5227;&O5248;&O5264; &O5251;&O5236;&O5166;&O5175;&O5268;&O5186; &O5207;&O5192;&O5212;&O5268;&O5176;&O5258;، &O5247;&O5256;&O5236;&O5260;&O5250; &O5259;&O5196;&O4422; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5192;&O5212;&O5268;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5170;&O5240;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172; &O5155;&O5243;&O5180;&O5198; فهو &O5155;&O5187;&O5194; &O5243;&O5170;&O5166;&O5197; &O5211;&O5188;&O5166;&O5169;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5256;&O5170;&O5266;، &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5192;&O5248;&O5268;&O5236;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5198;&O5165;&O5207;&O5194; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5166;&O5193;&O5245;، و&O5243;&O5166;&O5253; &O5193;&O5191;&O5262;&O5245;ُ &O5227;ُ&O5252;&O5198;َ &O5165;&O5273;&O5203;&O5276;&O5249;َ &O5255;&O5240;&O5220;&O5172;َ &O5175;&O5188;&O5262;&O4609;&O5245;ٍ &O5243;&O4618;&O5263; &O4562; &O5187;&O5268;&O5166;&O5175;&O5258;؛ &O5187;&O5268;&O5178; &O5223;&O5260;&O5198; &O5243;&O5198;&O5183;&O5246; &O5239;&O5262;&O5265; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5192;&O5212;&O5268;&O5172; &O5187;&O5166;&O5203;&O5250; &O5165;&O5247;&O5198;&O5155;&O5265; &O5219;&O5166;&O5247;&O5168; &O5247;&O5248;&O5188;&O5238;، &O5155;&O5227;&O5200; &O5165;&O5247;&O5248;&O5258; &O5169;&O5258; &O5165;&O5273;&O5203;&O5276;&O5249; &O5235;&O5244;&O5166;&O5253; &O5223;&O5260;&O5268;&O5198;ً&O5165; &O5273;&O5191;&O5262;&O5165;&O5255;&O5258; &O5165;&O4716;&O5204;&O5248;&O5252;&O5268;&O5254; &O5215;&O5194; &O5223;&O5248;&O5250; &O5165;&O5247;&O5184;&O5166;&O5259;&O5248;&O5268;&O5172;، &O5235;&O5268;&O5212;&O5166;&O5187;&O5168; &O5165;&O5247;&O5256;&O5170;&O5266; &O5261;&O5267;&O5192;&O5194;&O5249; &O5193;&O5227;&O5262;&O5171; &O5165;&O5273;&O5203;&O5276;&O5249; &O5169;&O5244;&O5246; &O5219;&O5166;&O5239;&O5176;&O5258;، &O5179;&O5250; &O5267;&O5212;&O5170;&O5186; &O5191;&O5248;&O5268;&O5236;&O5172; &O5165;&O4716;&O5204;&O5248;&O5252;&O5268;&O5254; &O5169;&O5228;&O5194; &O5261;&O5235;&O5166;&O5171; &O5165;&O5247;&O5192;&O5248;&O5268;&O5236;&O5172; &O5165;&O5271;&O5261;&O5245; «&O5155;&O5169;&O5266; &O5169;&O5244;&O5198;»، &O5235;&O5268;&O5262;&O5219;&O5194; &O5155;&O5197;&O5243;&O5166;&O5253; &O5165;&O5247;&O5194;&O5261;&O5247;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5262;&O5247;&O5268;&O5194;&O5171; &O5261;&O5267;&O5262;&O5203;&O4610;&O5226; &O5251;&O5254; &O5197;&O5239;&O5228;&O5176;&O5260;&O5166;، &O5243;&O5252;&O5166; &O5267;&O5198;&O5227;&O5264; &O5251;&O5212;&O5166;&O5247;&O5186; &O5155;&O5169;&O5256;&O5166;&O5163;&O5260;&O5166; &O4562; &O5227;&O5194;&O5245; &O5275; &O5267;&O5192;&O5248;&O5262; &O5251;&O5254; &O5165;&O5247;&O5198;&O5187;&O5252;&O5172;.

&O5227;&O5170;&O5240;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172; &O5165;&O5273;&O5251;&O5166;&O5249; &O5227;&O5248;&O5266;ّ

&O5169;َ&O5198;َ&O5225; «&O5227;&O5170;&O5166;&O5201; &O5251;&O5188;&O5252;&O5262;&O5193; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193;» &O4562; &O5175;&O5256;&O5166;&O5261;&O5245; &O5207;&O5192;&O5212;&O5268;&O5172; &O5165;&O5273;&O5251;&O5166;&O5249; «&O5227;&O5248;&O5266; &O5169;&O5254; &O5155;&O5169;&O5266; &O5219;&O5166;&O5247;&O5168;»، &O5235;&O5240;&O5194; &O5183;&O5228;&O5246; &O5251;&O5188;&O5262;&O5197; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5198;&O5213; &O5259;&O5262; &O5251;&O5256;&O5166;&O5187;&O5266; &O5165;&O5247;&O5256;&O5236;&O5202; &O5165;&O5273;&O5255;&O5204;&O5166;&O5255;&O5268;&O5172;، &O5159;&O5195; &O5165;&O5203;&O5176;&O5192;&O5248;&O5210; &O5251;&O5254; &O5203;&O5268;&O5198;&O5171; &O5165;&O5273;&O5251;&O5166;&O5249; &O5251;&O5166; &O5267;&O5248;&O5176;&O5240;&O5266; &O5261;&O5191;&O5212;&O5166;&O5163;&O5210; &O5259;&O5196;&O4422; &O5165;&O5247;&O5256;&O5236;&O5202; &O5165;&O5273;&O5255;&O5204;&O5166;&O5255;&O5268;&O5172; &O5227;&O5256;&O5194;&O4422;. &O5235;&O5236;&O5266; &O5203;&O5268;&O5198;&O5175;&O5258; &O5251;ُ&O5248;&O5176;&O5240;&O5264; &O5169;&O5166;&O5247;&O5228;&O5262;&O5165;&O5219;&O5234; &O5165;&O5247;&O5184;&O5268;&O4608;&O5166;&O5207;&O5172; &O5261;&O5165;&O5271;&O5187;&O5166;&O5203;&O5268;&O5202; &O5165;&O4716;&O5176;&O5220;&O5248;&O5228;&O5172; &O5159;&O5247;&O5264; &O5165;&O5247;&O5198;&O5187;&O5252;&O5172; &O5261;&O5165;&O5273;&O5243;&O5170;&O5166;&O5197;؛ &O5271;&O5255;&O5258; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5260;&O5268;&O5194; &O5155;&O5169;&O5262; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5260;&O5194;&O5165;&O5152;، &O5261;&O5251;ُ&O5248;&O5176;&O5240;&O5264; &O5169;&O5166;&O5247;&O5236;&O5244;&O5198;؛ &O5235;&O5260;&O5262; &O5211;&O5166;&O5187;&O5168; &O5153;&O5197;&O5165;&O5152; &O5235;&O5198;&O5267;&O5194;&O5171; &O5247;&O5250; &O5267;&O5204;&O5170;&O5240;&O5258; &O5159;&O5247;&O5268;&O5260;&O5166; &O5155;&O5187;&O5194; &O4562; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5212;&O5262;&O5233; &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O4809;&O5267;&O5228;&O5172; &O5261;&O5165;&O5271;&O5191;&O5276;&O5237;، &O5261;&O5251;ُ&O5248;&O5176;&O5240;&O5264; &O5251;&O5226; &O5243;&O5246; &O5197;&O5231;&O5170;&O5172; &O4562; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5184;&O5194;&O5267;&O5194; &O5261;&O5165;&O5273;&O5211;&O5276;&O5185;، &O5235;&O5212;&O5166;&O5197; &O5165;&O5203;&O5252;&O5258; &O5227;َ&O5248;&O5252;ً&O5166; &O5227;&O5248;&O5264; &O5165;&O5247;&O5180;&O5262;&O5197;&O5171;. &O5243;&O5252;&O5166; &O5227;َ&O5198;&O5213; &O5165;&O5247;&O5244;&O5166;&O5175;&O5168; &O5247;&O5220;&O5260;&O5166;&O5197;&O5171; &O5255;&O5208;&O5156;&O5175;&O5258;، &O5261;&O5255;&O5240;&O5166;&O5152; &O4782;&O5267;&O5198;&O5175;&O5258;، &O5261;&O5227;&O5248;&O5262;&O4610; &O5259;ِ&O5252;&O5176;&O5258;، &O5261;&O5239;&O5262;&O5171; &O5159;&O5197;&O5165;&O5193;&O5175;&O5258;، &O5261;&O5231;&O5200;&O5165;&O5197;&O5171; &O5227;&O5248;&O5252;&O5258; &O5261;&O5179;&O5240;&O5166;&O5235;&O5176;&O5258;، &O5261;&O5197;&O5261;&O5227;&O5172; &O5199;&O5259;&O5194;&O4422; &O5261;&O5187;&O5244;&O5252;&O5176;&O5258;، &O5261;&O5211;&O5194;&O5237; &O5159;&O5267;&O5252;&O5166;&O5255;&O5258; &O5261;&O5207;&O5184;&O5166;&O5227;&O5176;&O5258;، &O5261;&O5179;&O5170;&O5166;&O5175;&O5258; &O5227;&O5248;&O5264; &O5165;&O5247;&O5188;&O5238; &O5261;&O5255;&O4811;&O5175;&O5258;، &O5261;&O5175;&O5216;&O5188;&O5268;&O5176;&O5258; &O4562; &O5203;&O5170;&O5268;&O5248;&O5258; &O5169;&O5198;&O5261;&O5187;&O5258;، &O5235;&O5240;&O5194;&O5249; &O5227;َ&O5198;&O5215;ً&O5166; &O5261;&O5165;&O5235;&O5268;ً&O5166; &O5243;&O5166;&O5235;&O5268;ً&O5166; &O5267;&O5184;&O5252;&O5226; &O5169;&O5268;&O5254; &O5193;َ&O5235;&O4608;&O5176;َ&O5266;ْ &O5259;&O5196;&O5165; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5252;&O5246; &O5203;&O5268;&O5198;&O5171; &O5197;&O5183;&O5246; &O5251;&O5254; &O5155;&O5227;&O5224;&O5250; &O5251;&O5254; &O5155;&O5255;&O5184;&O5170;&O5174; &O5165;&O4716;&O5194;&O5197;&O5203;&O5172; &O5165;&O4716;ُ&O5188;&O5252;&O4608;&O5194;&O5267;&O5172;.

&O5227;&O5170;&O5240;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172; &O5191;&O5166;&O5247;&O5194;

&O5267;&O5240;&O5194;&O5249; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193; &O5259;&O5196;&O5165; &O5165;&O5247;&O5244;&O5176;&O5166;&O5167; &O5227;&O5170;&O5240;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172; «&O5191;&O5166;&O5247;&O5194; &O5169;&O5254; &O5165;&O5247;&O5262;&O5247;&O5268;&O5194;» &O5155;&O5261; &O5203;&O5268;&O5234; &O5165;&O5247;&O5248;&O5258; &O5165;&O4716;&O5204;&O5248;&O5262;&O5245;؛ &O5165;&O5247;&O5240;&O5166;&O5163;&O5194; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5204;&O5244;&O5198;&O5265; &O5165;&O5247;&O5236;&O5196; &O5165;&O5247;&O5196;&O5265; &O5175;&O5184;&O5248;&O4608;&O5174; &O5239;&O5194;&O5197;&O5165;&O5175;&O5258; &O5165;&O5275;&O5203;&O5176;&O5198;&O5165;&O5175;&O5268;&O5184;&O5268;&O5172; &O4562; &O5187;&O5198;&O5261;&O5167; &O5165;&O5247;&O5198;&O4610;&O5193;&O5171; &O5261;&O5235;&O5176;&O5186; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5198;&O5165;&O5237; &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5166;&O5249; &O5169;&O5228;&O5194; &O5155;&O5253; &O5243;&O4810; &O5183;&O5268;&O5262;&O5205; &O5193;&O5261;&O5245; &O5227;&O5224;&O5252;&O5264; &O5247;&O5248;&O5236;&O5198;&O5201; &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5198;&O5261;&O5249; &O5169;&O5176;&O5244;&O5176;&O5268;&O5244;&O5166;&O5173; &O5187;&O5198;&O5169;&O5268;&O5172; &O5203;&O5170;&O5240;&O5174; &O5227;&O4811;&O4422; &O5183;&O5228;&O5248;&O5176;&O5258; &O5155;&O5187;&O5194; &O5165;&O5247;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193;&O5171; &O5165;&O4716;&O5252;&O5268;&O5200;&O5267;&O5254; &O5165;&O5247;&O5196;&O5267;&O5254; &O5247;&O5250; &O5267;ُ&O5260;&O5200;&O5251;&O5262;&O5165; &O4562; &O5155;&O5243;&O5180;&O5198; &O5251;&O5254; &O5251;ِ&O5166;&O5163;&O5172; &O5251;&O5228;&O5198;&O5243;&O5172; &O5187;&O5198;&O5169;&O5268;&O5172; &O5243;&O5170;&O5268;&O5198;&O5171;، &O5261;&O5227;&O5170;&O5240;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172; &O5191;&O5166;&O5247;&O5194; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5204;&O5244;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172; &O5243;&O5166;&O5255;&O5174; &O5227;&O5276;&O5251;&O5172; &O5251;&O5252;&O5268;&O5200;&O5171; &O5251;&O5254; &O5239;&O5170;&O5246; &O5159;&O5203;&O5276;&O5251;&O5258;؛ &O5187;&O5268;&O5178; &O5243;&O5166;&O5253; &O5247;&O5258; &O5193;&O5261;&O5197; &O5169;&O5166;&O5197;&O5199; &O4562; &O5231;&O5200;&O5261;&O5171; &O5155;&O5187;&O5194; &O5261;&O5231;&O5200;&O5261;&O5171; &O5165;&O5247;&O5192;&O5256;&O5194;&O5237;. &O5261;&O5169;&O5160;&O5203;&O5276;&O5251;&O5258; &O5243;&O5204;&O5168; &O5165;&O5247;&O5188;&O5238; &O5239;&O5262;&O5171; &O5251;&O5192;&O5248;&O5212;&O5172; &O5275; &O5267;&O5260;&O5252;&O5260;&O5166; &O5251;&O5184;&O5194; &O5207;&O5192;&O4802;، &O5169;&O5246; &O5175;&O5204;&O5228;&O5264; &O5247;&O5176;&O5188;&O5240;&O5268;&O5238; &O5251;&O5166; &O5153;&O5251;&O5256;&O5174; &O5169;&O5258;؛ &O5235;&O5192;&O5194;&O5249; &O5165;&O5247;&O5194;&O5267;&O5254; &O5239;&O5166;&O5163;&O5194;ً&O5165; &O5261;&O5183;&O5256;&O5194;&O5267;&O5166; &O5169;&O5256;&O5236;&O5202; &O5165;&O5273;&O5191;&O5276;&O5209;.

&O5227;&O5170;&O5240;&O5198;ية ا&O5273;&O5251;&O5166;&O5249; &O5251;&O5188;&O5252;&O5194; &O5227;&O5170;&O5194;&O4422;

&O5267;ُ&O5240;&O5194;&O5249; &O5165;&O5247;&O5244;&O5166;&O5175;&O5168; &O5165;&O5247;&O5244;&O5170;&O5268;&O5198; «&O5227;&O5170;&O5166;&O5201; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193;» &O5175;&O5198;&O5183;&O5252;&O5172;ً &O5261;&O5193;&O5197;&O5165;&O5203;&O5172;ً &O5155;&O5251;&O5268;&O5256;&O5172; &O5247;&O5188;&O5268;&O5166;&O5171; &O5159;&O5251;&O5166;&O5249; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5256;&O5262;&O5267;&O5198; &O4562; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O4811; &O5165;&O5247;&O5188;&O5194;&O5267;&O5178;، «&O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5268;&O5190; &O5251;&O5188;&O5252;&O5194; &O5227;&O5170;&O5194;&O4422;». &O5235;&O5268;&O5228;&O5198;&O5213; &O5155;&O5187;&O5262;&O5165;&O5245; &O5165;&O4716;&O5184;&O5176;&O5252;&O5226; &O5165;&O5247;&O5196;&O5265; &O5261;ُ&O5247;ِ&O5194; &O5235;&O5268;&O5258; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5268;&O5190;، &O5261;&O5243;&O5196;&O5247;&O5242; &O5219;&O5170;&O5268;&O5228;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5240;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172; &O5165;&O4716;&O4811;&O5267;&O5172; &O5153;&O5255;&O5196;&O5165;&O5241;، &O5243;&O5252;&O5166; &O5267;&O5170;&O5268;&O4610;&O5254; &O5187;&O5166;&O5245; &O5165;&O5271;&O5199;&O5259;&O5198; &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5236;ِ&O5244;ْ&O5198; &O5165;&O5247;&O5196;&O5265; &O5203;&O5166;&O5193; &O5207;&O5268;&O5262;&O5191;&O5258;، &O5251;&O5170;&O5268;&O4610;&O5256;ً&O5166; &O5219;&O5170;&O5268;&O5228;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5248;&O5262;&O5249; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5266; &O5239;&O5194;&O4608;&O5251;&O5260;&O5166; &O5261;&O5219;&O5198;&O5237; &O5175;&O5194;&O5197;&O5267;&O5204;&O5260;&O5166;. &O5179;&O5250; &O5267;&O5256;&O5176;&O5240;&O5246; &O5247;&O5220;&O5236;&O5262;&O5247;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5268;&O5190; &O5261;&O5187;&O5268;&O5166;&O5175;&O5258; &O5261;&O5175;&O5228;&O5248;&O4609;&O5252;&O5258; &O4562; &O5239;&O5198;&O5267;&O5176;&O5258; «&O5251;&O5188;&O5248;&O5172; &O5255;&O4811;»، &O5243;&O5252;&O5166; &O5267;&O5240;&O5194;&O4610;&O5249; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5268;&O5262;&O5189; &O5165;&O5247;&O5196;&O5267;&O5254; &O5155;&O5179;&O4608;&O5198;&O5261;&O5165; &O4562; &O5251;&O5204;&O5268;&O5198;&O5175;&O5258; &O5261;&O5207;&O5244;&O4608;&O5248;ُ&O5262;&O5165; &O5261;&O5183;&O5194;&O5165;&O5255;&O5258;؛ &O5235;&O5268;&O5176;&O5188;&O5194;&O5177; &O5227;&O5254; &O5155;&O5203;&O5176;&O5166;&O5195;&O4422; &O5165;&O5271;&O5259;&O5250; «&O5183;&O5252;&O5166;&O5245; &O5165;&O5247;&O5194;&O5267;&O5254; &O5165;&O5271;&O5235;&O5232;&O5166;&O5255;&O5266;» &O5261;&O5193;&O5261;&O5197;&O4422; &O4562; &O5169;&O5248;&O5262;&O5197;&O5171; &O5235;ِ&O5244;ْ&O5198; &O5251;&O5188;&O5252;&O5194; &O5227;&O5170;&O5194;&O4422;. &O5261;&O5267;&O5228;&O5198;&O5213; &O5169;&O5208;&O5266;&O5152; &O5251;&O5254; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5236;&O5212;&O5268;&O5246; &O5251;&O5262;&O5165;&O5239;&O5234; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5268;&O5190; &O5251;&O5254; &O5165;&O5247;&O5240;&O5216;&O5166;&O5267;&O5166; &O5261;&O5165;&O5271;&O5187;&O5194;&O5165;&O5177; &O5165;&O5247;&O5244;&O4618;&O5263; &O4400; «&O5165;&O5247;&O5180;&O5262;&O5197;&O5171; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5198;&O5165;&O5169;&O5268;&O5172;»، &O5261;&O5239;&O5216;&O5268;&O5172; «&O5165;&O5247;&O5240;&O5262;&O5251;&O5268;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5198;&O5169;&O5268;&O5172;». &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5244;&O5176;&O5166;&O5167; &O5191;&O5276;&O5211;&O5172; &O5235;ِ&O5244;ْ&O5198; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5268;&O5190; &O5261;&O5235;&O5248;&O5204;&O5236;&O5176;&O5258; &O5261;&O5155;&O5235;&O5244;&O5166;&O5197;&O4422; &O5165;&O5273;&O5211;&O5276;&O5187;&O5268;&O5172; &O4562; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5228;&O5248;&O5268;&O5250; &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5180;&O5240;&O5166;&O5235;&O5172;، &O5261;&O5193;&O5261;&O5197;&O4422; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5256;&O5262;&O5267;&O5198;&O5265; &O4562; &O5165;&O4716;&O5184;&O5176;&O5252;&O5226;، &O5261;&O5203;&O5228;&O5268;&O5258; &O5165;&O5247;&O5188;&O5180;&O5268;&O5178; &O5273;&O5267;&O5240;&O5166;&O5221; &O5165;&O5247;&O5262;&O5227;&O5266; &O5165;&O4716;&O4811;&O5265;.

نبذة عن الكاتب

&O5227;&O5170;&O5166;&O5201; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193;: &O5155;&O5193;&O5267;&O5168;ٌ &O5243;&O5170;&O5268;&O5198;، &O5261;&O5207;&O5166;&O5227;&O5198;، &O5261;&O5235;&O5268;&O5248;&O5204;&O5262;&O5233;، &O5261;&O5203;&O5268;&O5166;&O4764;، &O5261;&O5251;&O5158;&O5197;&O5189;، &O5261;&O5211;&O5188;&O5236;&O5266;، &O5261;&O5197;&O5165;&O5259;&O5168;ُ &O5251;&O5188;&O5198;&O5165;&O5167;ِ &O5165;&O5271;&O5193;&O5167;. &O5195;&O5165;&O5225; &O5211;ِ&O5268;&O5176;ُ&O5258; &O5235;&O5252;&O5272; &O5165;&O5247;&O5194;&O5255;&O5268;&O5166; &O5169;&O5156;&O5193;&O5169;&O5258;، &O5261;&O5251;&O5180;&O4608;&O5246;َ &O5187;&O5166;&O5247;&O5172;ً &O5235;&O5198;&O5267;&O5194;&O5171;ً &O4562; &O5165;&O5271;&O5193;&O5167; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5198;&O5169;&O5266; &O5165;&O5247;&O5188;&O5194;&O5267;&O5178;، &O5261;&O5261;&O5211;&O5246; &O5235;&O5268;&O5258; &O5159;&O5247;&O5264; &O5251;&O5198;&O5175;&O5170;&O5172;ٍ &O5235;&O5198;&O5267;&O5194;&O5171;.

&O5261;ُ&O5247;ِ&O5194; «&O5227;&O5170;&O5166;&O5201; &O5251;&O5188;&O5252;&O5262;&O5193; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193;» &O5169;&O5252;&O5188;&O5166;&O5235;&O5224;&O5172; &O5155;&O5203;&O5262;&O5165;&O5253; &O5227;&O5166;&O5249; 1889&O5249;، &O5261;&O5243;&O5166;&O5253; &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5194;&O4422; &O5251;&O5262;&O5223;&O5236;ً&O5166; &O5169;&O5204;&O5268;&O5220;ً&O5166; &O5169;&O5160;&O5193;&O5165;&O5197;&O5171; &O5165;&O5247;&O5204;&O4610;&O5184;&O5276;&O5173;. &O5165;&O5243;&O5176;&O5236;&O5264; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193; &O5169;&O5188;&O5212;&O5262;&O5247;&O5258; &O5227;&O5248;&O5264; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5260;&O5166;&O5193;&O5171; &O5165;&O5275;&O5169;&O5176;&O5194;&O5165;&O5163;&O5268;&O5172;، &O5231;&O5268;&O5198; &O5155;&O5255;&O5258; &O5227;&O5244;َ&O5234;َ &O5227;&O5248;&O5264; &O5165;&O5247;&O5240;&O5198;&O5165;&O5152;&O5171; &O5261;&O5179;&O5240;&O4608;&O5234;َ &O5255;&O5236;&O5204;َ&O5258; &O5169;&O5256;&O5236;&O5204;ِ&O5258;؛ &O5187;&O5268;&O5178; &O5187;َ&O5262;َ&O5173;ْ &O5251;&O5244;&O5176;&O5170;&O5176;ُ&O5258; &O5155;&O5243;&O5180;&O5198;َ &O5251;&O5254; &O5179;&O5276;&O5179;&O5268;&O5254; &O5155;&O5247;&O5234; &O5243;&O5176;&O5166;&O5167;. &O5227;&O5252;&O5246; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193; &O5169;&O5166;&O5247;&O5228;&O5194;&O5267;&O5194; &O5251;&O5254; &O5165;&O5247;&O5262;&O5223;&O5166;&O5163;&O5234; &O5165;&O5247;&O5188;&O5244;&O5262;&O5251;&O5268;&O5172;، &O5261;&O5247;&O5244;&O5256;&O5258; &O5243;&O5166;&O5253; &O5267;ُ&O5170;&O5232;ِ&O5214; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5252;&O5246;َ &O5165;&O5247;&O5188;&O5244;&O5262;&O5251;&O5266;&O4608; &O5261;&O5267;&O5198;&O5165;&O4422; &O5203;&O5184;&O5256;ً&O5166; &O5271;&O5193;&O5169;&O5258;؛ &O5247;&O5196;&O5165; &O5247;&O5250; &O5267;&O5204;&O5176;&O5252;&O5198;&O4608; &O5219;&O5262;&O5267;&O5276;ً &O4562; &O5155;&O5265; &O5261;&O5223;&O5268;&O5236;&O5172;ٍ &O5165;&O5247;ْ&O5176;&O5188;َ&O5238;َ &O5169;&O5260;&O5166;. &O5165;&O5175;&O5184;َ&O5258;َ &O5247;&O5248;&O5228;&O5252;&O5246; &O5165;&O5247;&O5212;&O5188;&O5236;&O5266;؛ &O5235;&O5228;&O5252;&O5246; &O5169;&O5184;&O5198;&O5267;&O5194;&O5171; «&O5165;&O5247;&O5194;&O5203;&O5176;&O5262;&O5197;»، &O5243;&O5252;&O5166; &O5155;&O5211;&O5194;َ&O5197;َ &O5183;&O5198;&O5267;&O5194;&O5171;َ «&O5165;&O5247;&O5216;&O5268;&O5166;&O5152;»، &O5261;&O5243;&O5176;&O5168; &O5169;&O5156;&O5207;&O5260;&O5198; &O5165;&O5247;&O5212;&O5188;&O5234; &O5261;&O5165;&O4716;&O5184;&O5276;&O5173; &O5153;&O5255;&O5196;&O5165;&O5241;. &O5261;َ&O5259;َ&O5168;َ &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193;ُ &O5187;&O5268;&O5166;&O5175;َ&O5258; &O5247;&O5272;&O5193;&O5167;؛ &O5235;&O5248;&O5250; &O5267;&O5176;&O5200;&O5261;&O5181;، &O5261;&O5247;&O5244;&O5256;&O5258; &O5227;&O5166;&O5205; &O5239;&O5212;&O5210;َ &O5187;ُ&O5168;&O4607; &O5191;&O5248;&O5194;َ &O5165;&O5179;&O5256;&O5176;َ&O5268;ْ&O5254; &O5251;&O5256;&O5260;&O5166; &O4562; &O5197;&O5261;&O5165;&O5267;&O5176;&O5258; «&O5203;&O5166;&O5197;&O5171;».

&O5243;ُ&O5198;&O4610;&O5249; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193; &O5243;&O5180;&O5268;&O5198;ً&O5165;؛ &O5235;&O5256;&O5166;&O5245; &O5227;&O5216;&O5262;&O5267;&O5172;َ «&O5251;َ&O5184;&O5252;&O5226; &O5165;&O5247;&O5248;&O5232;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5198;&O5169;&O5268;&O5172;» &O5169;&O5166;&O5247;&O5240;&O5166;&O5259;&O5198;&O5171;، &O5261;&O5243;&O5166;&O5253; &O5227;&O5216;&O5262;ً&O5165; &O5251;&O5198;&O5165;&O5203;ِ&O5276;ً &O5247; «&O5251;َ&O5184;&O5252;&O5226; &O5165;&O5247;&O5248;&O5232;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5198;&O5169;&O5268;&O5172;» &O5169;&O5194;&O5251;&O5208;&O5238; &O5261;&O5251;َ&O5180;&O5268;&O5248;ِ&O5258; &O5169;&O5170;&O5232;&O5194;&O5165;&O5193;، &O5261;&O5251;ُ&O5256;ِ&O5186; «&O5183;&O5166;&O5163;&O5200;&O5171; &O5165;&O5247;&O5194;&O5261;&O5247;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5240;&O5194;&O5267;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172; &O4562; &O5165;&O5269;&O5193;&O5165;&O5167;»، &O5231;&O5268;&O5198; &O5155;&O5255;&O5258; &O5197;&O5235;َ&O5214;َ &O5175;&O5204;&O5248;&O5252;َ&O5260;&O5166;، &O5243;&O5252;&O5166; &O5197;&O5235;&O5214; «&O5165;&O5247;&O5194;&O5243;&O5176;&O5262;&O5197;&O5165;&O4422; &O5165;&O5247;&O5236;&O5192;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172;» &O5251;&O5254; &O5183;&O5166;&O5251;&O5228;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5240;&O5166;&O5259;&O5198;&O5171;.

&O5243;&O5166;&O5253; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193; &O5251;&O5232;&O5262;&O5165;&O5197;ً&O5165; &O5191;&O5166;&O5213; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5194;&O5267;&O5194;َ &O5251;&O5254; &O5165;&O4716;&O5228;&O5166;&O5197;&O5241;؛ &O5235;&O5236;&O5266; &O5165;&O5271;&O5193;&O5167; &O5165;&O5211;&O5220;&O5194;َ&O5249;َ &O5169;&O5244;&O5170;&O5166;&O5197; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5228;&O5198;&O5165;&O5152; &O5261;&O5165;&O5271;&O5193;&O5169;&O5166;&O5152;، &O5261;&O5193;&O5165;&O5197;&O5173; &O5251;&O5228;&O5198;&O5243;&O5172;ٌ &O5187;&O5166;&O5251;&O5268;&O5172;ُ &O5165;&O5247;&O5262;&O5219;&O5268;&O5202; &O5169;&O5268;&O5256;&O5258; &O5261;&O5169;&O5268;&O5254; &O5155;&O5251;&O5268;&O5198; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5228;&O5198;&O5165;&O5152; «&O5155;&O5187;&O5252;&O5194; &O5207;&O5262;&O5239;&O5266;» &O4562; &O5243;&O5176;&O5166;&O5169;&O5258; «&O5165;&O5247;&O5194;&O5267;&O5262;&O5165;&O5253; &O4562; &O5165;&O5271;&O5193;&O5167; &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5256;&O5240;&O5194;». &O5243;&O5252;&O5166; &O5155;&O5203;&O4608;&O5202;َ «&O5251;&O5194;&O5197;&O5203;&O5172; &O5165;&O5247;&O5194;&O5267;&O5262;&O5165;&O5253;» &O5251;&O5226; «&O5227;&O5170;&O5194; &O5165;&O5247;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193;&O5197; &O5165;&O4716;&O5166;&O5199;&O5255;&O5266;» &O5261;«&O5227;&O5170;&O5194; &O5165;&O5247;&O5198;&O5187;&O5252;&O5254; &O5207;&O5244;&O5198;&O5265;»؛ &O5187;&O5268;&O5178; &O5193;&O5227;&O5166; &O5159;&O5247;&O5264; &O5175;&O5184;&O5194;&O5267;&O5194; &O5165;&O5247;&O5192;&O5268;&O5166;&O5245; &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5212;&O5262;&O5197;&O5171; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5228;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172; &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5200;&O5165;&O5249; &O5165;&O5247;&O5262;&O5187;&O5194;&O5171; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5216;&O5262;&O5267;&O5172; &O4562; &O5165;&O5247;&O4621;&O5165;&O5152; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5228;&O5198;&O5265;. &O5243;&O5252;&O5166; &O5259;&O5166;&O5183;&O5250; &O5165;&O5247;&O5244;&O5180;&O5268;&O5198;َ &O5251;&O5254; &O5165;&O5271;&O5193;&O5169;&O5166;&O5152; &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5228;&O5198;&O5165;&O5152;، &O5251;&O5180;&O5246; «&O5251;&O5212;&O5220;&O5236;&O5264; &O5211;&O5166;&O5193;&O5237; &O5165;&O5247;&O5198;&O5165;&O5235;&O5228;&O5266;». &O5261;&O5243;&O5166;&O5255;&O5174; &O5247;&O5258; &O5243;&O5196;&O5247;&O5242; &O5251;&O5228;&O5166;&O5197;&O5241;ُ &O5235;&O5244;&O5198;&O5267;&O5172;ٌ &O5251;&O5226; «&O5219;&O5258; &O5187;&O5204;&O5268;&O5254;» &O5261;«&O5199;&O5243;&O5266; &O5251;&O5170;&O5166;&O5197;&O5241;» &O5261;«&O5251;&O5212;&O5220;&O5236;&O5264; &O5183;&O5262;&O5165;&O5193;» &O5261;«&O4621;&O5173; &O5165;&O5247;&O5208;&O5166;&O5219;&O5162;».

&O5207;&O5166;&O5197;َ&O5241;َ &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5240;&O5166;&O5193; &O5169;&O5240;&O5262;&O5171;ٍ &O4562; &O5251;ُ&O5228;&O5176;&O5198;َ&O5241; &O5165;&O5247;&O5188;&O5268;&O5166;&O5171; &O5165;&O5247;&O5204;&O5268;&O5166;&O5203;&O5268;&O5172;؛ &O5235;&O5166;&O5255;&O5216;&O5250;&O4608; &O5247;&O5188;&O5200;&O5167; &O5165;&O5247;&O5262;&O5235;&O5194;، &O5261;&O5193;&O5165;&O5235;َ&O5226;َ &O5169;&O5170;&O5204;&O5166;&O5247;&O5172;ٍ &O5227;&O5254; «&O5203;&O5228;&O5194; &O5199;&O5231;&O5248;&O5262;&O5245;»، &O5261;&O5247;&O5244;&O5256;&O5258; &O5165;&O5203;&O5176;&O5240;&O5166;&O5245; &O5251;&O5254; &O5165;&O5247;&O5188;&O5200;&O5167; &O5227;&O5166;&O5249; 1933&O5249; &O5159;&O5179;&O5198;َ &O5191;&O5276;&O5233;ٍ &O5251;&O5226; «&O5251;&O5212;&O5220;&O5236;&O5264; &O5165;&O5247;&O5256;&O5188;&O5166;&O5201;». &O5261;&O5259;&O5166;&O5183;&O5250; &O5165;&O4716;&O5248;&O5242;َ &O5155;&O5179;&O5256;&O5166;&O5152; &O5159;&O5227;&O5194;&O5165;&O5193; &O5165;&O5247;&O5194;&O5203;&O5176;&O5262;&O5197;؛ &O5235;&O5204;ُ&O5184;ِ&O5254; &O5175;&O5204;&O5228;&O5172; &O5155;&O5207;&O5260;&O5198;، &O5243;&O5252;&O5166; &O5165;&O5227;&O5176;&O5198;&O5213; &O5227;&O5248;&O5264; &O5251;&O5228;&O5166;&O5259;&O5194;&O5171; 1936&O5249;. &O5187;&O5166;&O5197;َ&O5167;َ &O5243;&O5196;&O5247;&O5242; &O5165;&O5275;&O5203;&O5176;&O5170;&O5194;&O5165;&O5193;َ &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5188;&O5244;&O5250;َ &O5165;&O4716;&O5220;&O5248;&O5238;َ &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5236;&O5166;&O5207;&O5268;&O5172;َ &O5261;&O5165;&O5247;&O5256;&O5166;&O5199;&O5267;&O5172;.

&O5175;&O5228;&O5194;&O5193;َ&O5173;ْ &O5243;ُ&O5176;ُ&O5170;ُ&O5258; &O5187;&O5176;&O5264; &O5175;&O5228;&O5194;&O5173;ِ &O5165;&O4716;&O5166;&O5163;&O5172;، &O5261;&O5251;&O5254; &O5155;&O5207;&O5260;&O5198;&O5259;&O5166; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5170;&O5240;&O5198;&O5267;&O5166;&O5173;، &O5169;&O5166;&O5273;&O5215;&O5166;&O5235;&O5172; &O5159;&O5247;&O5264; &O5165;&O5247;&O5228;&O5194;&O5267;&O5194; &O5251;&O5254; &O5165;&O4716;&O5240;&O5166;&O5275;&O5173; &O5165;&O5247;&O5176;&O5266; &O5267;&O5212;&O5228;ُ&O5168; &O5187;َ&O5212;ْ&O5198;&O5259;&O5166;، &O5261;&O5247;&O5258; &O5239;&O5212;&O5172;ٌ &O5261;&O5187;&O5268;&O5194;&O5171;، &O5259;&O5266; «&O5203;&O5166;&O5197;&O5171;».

&O5175;ُ&O5262;&O5235;&O5266; &O5227;&O5166;&O5249; 1964&O5249; &O5175;&O5166;&O5197;&O5243;ً&O5166; &O5251;&O5268;&O5198;&O5165;&O5179;ً&O5166; فكريا وأدبيا &O5215;&O5192;&O5252;ً&O5166;، &O5261;&O5251;&O5256;&O4618;ً&O5165; &O5207;&O5166;&O5231;&O5198;ً&O5165; &O4716;َ&O5254; &O5267;&O5192;&O5248;&O5236;&O5258;.

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